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Petrified wood is almost solid quartz

The petrified wood of Petrified Forest National Park is made up of almost solid quartz.

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Over 200 million years ago, logs washed into a river system and were buried so quickly and deeply that oxygen was cut off and decay slowed. Impurities such as iron, carbon, and manganese give the stone its colors.

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The sea is salty because rain wears down rocks

Rocks on land are the major source of the salts dissolved in seawater.

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Seawater contains gold

One study found about one gram of gold in every 100 million metric tons of ocean water.

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Coast redwoods can grow 367 feet tall

California's coast redwoods may grow to 367 feet, about the height of a 35-story skyscraper.

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